小麦籽粒镉积累差异评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.22.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选小麦低镉（cadmium,Cd）积累材料不仅使受Cd污染农田得到安全利用,还可为其遗传特性的探究提供材料。【方法】以139份小麦材料为研究对象,分别于2014—2015年和2015—2016年在土壤重金属Cd重度污染条件下连续开展2期大田试验,以小麦籽粒Cd含量为指标对各年份种植相同的139小麦材料进行籽粒Cd积累差异评价,以获取籽粒具有Cd低积累特性的小麦材料。通过土培试验,进一步探讨籽粒Cd低积累型小麦材料在土壤重金属Cd重度污染条件下籽粒部位对Cd的积累差异与产量特征,并结合籽粒Cd含量和籽粒产量,进行聚类分析,以获得籽粒Cd含量低且产量较高的优势小麦材料,进而对比分析其与籽粒Cd高积累型材料各器官对Cd的积累转移差异,明晰籽粒Cd低积累型材料籽粒Cd含量低的原因。【结果】在2014—2015年和2015—2016年大田试验条件下,139份小麦材料籽粒Cd含量范围、变异系数分别为0.002—0.271 mg·kg ^-1DW ^-1、63.097%和0.095—0.343 mg·kg ^-1DW ^-1、24.960%,小麦材料间籽粒Cd含量差异明显。以籽粒Cd含量为聚类分析指标,综合得到2年试验中籽粒对Cd积累类型相同的小麦材料,12N551（M033）、济麦22（M059）、蜀麦375（M075）、中梁22（M079）、30389（M092）、B7094（M094）、ML2652（M114）、G219-24（M116）、77782（M121）、南农Ozy23（M123）、省C90097（M124）、Pm99915-1（M126）、南农02y393（M127）、省CXK027-4（M129）、02Y23（M131）、良麦2号（M139）16份小麦材料籽粒具有低Cd积累的特性,且在年际间具备较好的重现性或稳定性。土培条件下,16份籽粒Cd低积累型小麦材料籽粒Cd含量和产量均差异明显,在1或4 mg·kg ^-1 Cd水平下,其籽粒Cd含量、籽粒产量变幅分别为0.286—0.910 mg·kg ^-1、3.199—7.716 g·plant ^-1和0.881—1.381 mg·kg ^-1、3.075—8.252 g·plant ^-1,籽粒Cd含量、籽粒产量变异系数分别为33.706%、24.044%和12.276%、30.351%,以其籽粒Cd含量、籽粒产量为聚类指标,获得籽粒Cd含量低且产量较高的优势材料12N551（M033）、中梁22（M079）、G219-24（M116）与良麦2号（M139）。与Cd高积累型材料抗锈3816（M060）、射1136（M073）相比,12N551（M033）、中梁22（M079）、G219-24（M116）良麦2号（M139）同一器官（根、茎叶或籽粒）Cd含量在4 mg·kg ^-1 Cd水平下均显著高于1 mg·kg ^-1 Cd水平。在1或4 mg·kg ^-1 Cd水平下,籽粒Cd低积累型小麦材料12N551（M033）、中梁22（M079）、G219-24（M116）与良麦2号（M139）籽粒Cd含量均显著低于籽粒Cd高积累型材料抗锈3816（M060）、射1136（M073）,其对Cd的转移能力较低,进而使籽粒Cd含量较低。【结论】综合大田试验和土培试验结果,12N551（M033）、中梁22（M079）、G219-24（M116）和良麦2号（M139）具有籽粒Cd含量低且产量较高的优势,且在不同年际间、不同试验方式下籽粒Cd积累稳定性较好,具备可用于中轻度Cd污染农田种植的潜力,可作为小麦籽粒Cd低积累遗传特性的研究材料。

关键词: 小麦, Cd, Cd低积累型材料, 差异评价, 转移系数

Abstract:

【Objective】 The screening of the low-Cd accumulation genotypes for wheat not only benefits for the safe production of Cd-contaminated agricultural soils, but also provides breeding materials for the study of hereditary characteristics of wheat. 【Method】 In this study, 139 wheat lines were considered to be the research objectives and two consecutive field trials were carried out under Cd heavy pollution in soil in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Cd concentrations in grains of the 139 wheat lines for the two field trials were evaluated to investigate Cd accumulation difference among the 139 wheat lines, so as to obtain wheat lines with the characteristics of low-Cd accumulation in grains. Followly, the characteristics of Cd accumulation and yield of the low-Cd accumulation wheat materials were explored under Cd heavy pollution in soil by a pot experiment. With the index of Cd concentration in grain and grain yield, cluster analysis was also carried out to obtain superior wheat lines with low-Cd accumulation and high yield. The difference of Cd accumulation and translocation in organs between the two wheat lines was analyzed to get further understanding of the mechanisms of low-Cd accumulation in grains of the low-Cd accumulation wheat lines.【Result】For the two field experiments in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, the range and coefficient of variation (CV) of Cd concentrations in grains of the 139 wheat materials were 0.002-0.271 mg·kg ^-1 DW ^-1, 63.097% and 0.095-0.343 mg·kg ^-1 DW ^-1, 24.960%, respectively. There was a significant difference for Cd concentrations in grains among the 139 wheat materials. According to the cluster analysis, 16 low-Cd accumulation wheat lines were obtained for the two field experiments, including 12N551 (M033), JIMAI22 (M059), SHUMAI375 (M075), ZHONGLIANG22 (M079), 30389 (M092), B7094 (M094), ML2652 (M114), G219-24 (M116), 77782 (M121), NANNONGOzy23 (M123), SHENGC90097 (M124), Pm99915-1 (M126), NANNONG02y39 (M127), SHENGCXK027-4 (M129), 02Y23 (M131) and LIANGMAI No.2 (M139). For the pot experiment, significant difference for Cd concentrations in grains and grain yield among the 16 low-Cd accumulation wheat lines was observed. Cd concentrations in grains and grain yield among the 16 low-Cd accumulation wheat lines ranged from 0.286-0.910 mg·kg ^-1, 3.199-7.716 g·plant ^-1 and 0.881-1.381 mg·kg ^-1, 3.075-8.252 g·plant ^-1, respectively. when exposed to 1 mg·kg ^-1 and 4 mg·kg ^-1 Cd, The CV of Cd concentrations in grains and grain yield among the 16 low-Cd accumulation wheat lines was 33.706%, 24.044% and 12.276%, 12.276%, respectively. Then, the dominant wheat materials (12N551 (M033), ZHONGLIANG22 (M079), G219-24 (M116) and LIANGMAI No. 2 (M139) ) with low-Cd content and high yield were obtained according to the cluster analysis. Compared with the high-Cd accumulative materials (KANGXIU3816 (M060) and SHE1136 (M073)), Cd concentrations in different organs of the low-Cd accumulation wheat lines (12N551 (M033), ZHONGLIANG22 (M079), G219-24 (M116) and LIANGMAI No. 2 (M139) ) exposed to 4 mg·kg ^-1 Cd were significantly higher than those exposed to 1 mg·kg ^-1 Cd. Cd concentrations in grains of the low-Cd accumulation wheat lines (12N551 (M033), ZHONGLIANG22 (M079), G219-24 (M116) and LIANGMAI No. 2 (M139) ) were significantly lower than the high-Cd accumulation wheat lines(KANGXIU3816 (M060), SHE1136 (M073)). The low-Cd accumulation wheat lines presented lower Cd translocation from straws to grains and therefore lower Cd accumulation in grains. 【Conclusion】 According to the two-year field experiments and pot experiment, (12N551 (M033), ZHONGLIANG22 (M079), G219-24 (M116) and LIANGMAI No. 2 (M139)) showed lower Cd accumulation and greater grain yield in grains under different experimental conditions of field and pot experiments in 2014-2017, thus could be considered to be ideal candidates for the cultivation in the moderate Cd-contaminated agricultural soils and also providing materials for the study of genetic characteristics of the low Cd accumulation in grains.

Key words: wheat, Cd, low-Cd accumulation material, difference evaluation, translocation factor

明毅,张锡洲,余海英. 小麦籽粒镉积累差异评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(22): 4219-4229.

MING Yi,ZHANG XiZhou,YU HaiYing. The Evaluation of Cd Accumulation in Grains of Different Wheat Materials[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(22): 4219-4229.

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年份Year	变幅Range (mg·kg^-1)	均值Mean value	标准差SD	变异系数CV(%)
2014-2015	0.002—0.271	0.067	0.042	63.097
2015-2016	0.095—0.343	0.193	0.048	24.960

类型 Type	材料数量 Number of materials	材料编号 Material code	变幅Range (mg·kg^-1)
类型 Type	材料数量 Number of materials	材料编号 Material code	2014—2015	2015—2016
低积累型 Low accumulation	16	M033、M079、M114、M123、M127、M139、M059、M092、M116、M124、M129、M075、M094、M121、M126、M131	0.010—0.055	0.095—0.167
中积累型 Medium accumulation	28	M002、M005、M006、M007、M010、M020、M023、M024、M026、M031、M047、M049、M050、M054、M055、M056、M058、M064、M067、M082、M083、M085、M090、M104、M108、M110、M119、M133	0.061—0.091	0.175—0.218
高积累型 High accumulation	2	M060、M073	0.177—0.191	0.265—0.314

Cd水平 Cd level	参数 Parameter	变幅 Range	均值 Mean value	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
CK	籽粒Cd含量Cd content in grain(mg·kg^-1)	-	-	-	-
CK	籽粒产量Grain yield(g·plant^-1)	4.750—9.554	6.688	1.211	18.114
Cd1	籽粒Cd含量Cd content in grain(mg·kg^-1)	0.286—0.910	0.502	0.169	33.706
Cd1	籽粒产量Grain yield(g·plant^-1)	3.199—7.716	5.554	1.335	24.044
Cd4	籽粒Cd含量Cd content in grain(mg·kg^-1)	0.881—1.381	1.117	0.137	12.276
Cd4	籽粒产量Grain yield(g·plant^-1)	3.075—8.252	5.632	1.709	30.351

Cd 积累类型 Cd accumulation type	材料 Material	Cd1			Cd4
Cd 积累类型 Cd accumulation type	材料 Material	根Root	茎-叶Stem-leaf	籽粒Grain	根Root	茎-叶Stem-leaf	籽粒Grain
低积累型 Low accumulation	12N551	4.907±0.305ab^b	1.626±0.526ab^b	0.421±0.009c^b	21.247±2.233ab^a	4.120±0.116ab^a	1.028±0.040b^a
	中梁22 Zhongliang22	3.891±0.031b^b	1.338±0.061bc^b	0.457±0.019c^b	18.658±6.030ab^a	5.437±1.275ab^a	0.887±0.067b^a
	G219-24	6.629±1.608a^b	1.872±0.008ab^b	0.415±0.016c^b	16.022±0.267ab^a	6.335±1.133a^a	1.118±0.050b^a
	良麦2号 Liangmai No.2	4.327±0.817b^b	0.950±0.090c^b	0.367±0.003c^b	20.567±2.463ab^a	3.499±0.042b^a	1.028±0.046b^a
高积累型 High accumulation	抗锈3816 Kangxiu 3816	5.386±0.823ab^b	1.502±0.095bc^b	1.051±0.092b^b	12.929±2.529b^a	3.949±0.311ab^a	1.816±0.028a^a
高积累型 High accumulation	射1136 She 1136	6.598±0.492a^b	2.123±0.268a^a	1.790±0.020a^a	24.114±4.683ab^a	4.141±1.917ab^a	1.857±0.249a^a

Cd 积累类型 Cd accumulation type	材料 Material	Cd1		Cd4
Cd 积累类型 Cd accumulation type	材料 Material	TF_{籽粒/茎叶}TF_{grain/stem-leaf}	TF_茎叶/根TF_{stem-leaf/root}	TF_{籽粒/茎叶}TF_{grain/stem-leaf}	TF_茎叶/根TF_{stem-leaf/root}
低积累型 Low accumulation	12N551	0.184±0.068c^a	0.190±0.078b^a	0.265±0.038b^a	0.195±0.026a^a
	中梁22 Zhongliang22	0.342±0.030bc^a	0.343±0.013a^a	0.190±0.020bc^a	0.210±0.147a^a
	G219-24	0.235±0.012c^a	0.291±0.072ab^a	0.117±0.007c^b	0.338±0.005a^a
	良麦2号Liangmai No.2	0.421±0.009b^a	0.222±0.021ab^a	0.306±0.000b^b	0.225±0.020a^a
高积累型 High accumulation	抗锈3816 Kangxiu 3816	0.703±0.106a^a	0.274±0.075ab^a	0.461±0.029a^a	0.506±0.357a^a
高积累型 High accumulation	射1136 She 1136	0.839±0.133a^a	0.324±0.064ab^a	0.196±0.107bc^b	0.167±0.047a^a